How Long Does Xanax (Alprazolam) Stay in Your System

How Long Does Xanax (Alprazolam) Stay in Your System Addiction Drug Use Prescription Medications Print How Long Does Xanax (Alprazolam) Stay in Your System? Xanax in Your Blood, Urine, Hair, Saliva By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on November 27, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD on November 27, 2019 MJ_Prototype/ Getty Images More in Addiction Drug Use Prescription Medications Cocaine Heroin Marijuana Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Opioids Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery In This Article Table of Contents Expand Effects Duration Detection Times Symptoms of Overdose Getting Help View All Back To Top Xanax (alprazolam) is a benzodiazepine medication thats used to treat anxiety disorders, panic disorder, and panic attacks. Its also sometimes prescribed for other conditions like agoraphobia and severe premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Xanax works by slowing down your nervous system, giving you a calm feeling. Because it can be habit-forming, its often used as a short-term treatment. Xanax can be detected in your body from one to 90 days after use, depending on the type of detection test as well as other factors like dosage, age, weight, ethnicity, and use of other substances like alcohol. Xanax is a Schedule IV drug, meaning it has a lower potential for misuse and lower risk of dependence relative to Schedule III drugs. While the risk is comparatively lower, the drug still carries these risks. How Long Does Xanax Stay in Your System? Blood: Up to 24 hoursUrine: Up to 4 daysHair: Up to 90 daysSaliva: Up to 2.5 days Xanax: Side Effects, Risks, Withdrawal How Long Does It Take to Feel the Effects? The effects of Xanax depend on the dosage, but in general, you can expect to feel calmer within an hour. People who use Xanax heavily can build a tolerance to these effects as well as feelings of euphoria, which is why the drug is highly misused. Xanax can cause side effects that often go away once your body gets used to the medication, including: Dry mouthSleepinessDrowsinessClumsiness or unsteadinessDizziness or light-headedness Serious side effects arent very common, but if you experience any of the following symptoms call your doctor right away: Difficulty breathingSeizuresHallucinationsSevere rashProblems with memory, speech, or coordinationSuicidal thoughts Drinking alcohol and/or using illicit drugs makes the chances of life-threatening side effects of Xanax higher. The Potential Side Effects of Xanax How Long Does Xanax Last? Xanax is considered an short-acting benzodiazepine drug. After taking Xanax in pill form, peak levels are found in your blood 1 to 2 hours later. The average half-life of Xanax in the blood is 11.2 hours in healthy adults, meaning that half of the drug has been metabolized and eliminated in the urine in that time frame. It takes about five half-lives for 98% of a drug dose to clear the body, so Xanax takes two to four days to be fully eliminated from the body. Xanax is detectable in your blood, urine, saliva, and hair, but how long its detectable depends on a variety of individual factors. Blood Blood levels may be done as a screening test or in cases of treatment for a suspected overdose, but they can only detect if youve taken Xanax in the last 24 hours. Urine A urine drug screen, such as those that are done for employment, will test positive for benzodiazepines for five days and up to a week after a dose. For populations who metabolize Xanax more slowlyâ€"such as the elderly, obese, and those with alcoholic liver diseaseâ€"that time maybe even longer. Saliva Xanax can be detected in saliva for up to 2.5 days.?? Hair As with all drugs, Xanax can be detected in your hair starting two to three weeks after and for up to 90 days after your last dose. False Positive Testing There are some medications that may cross-react with immunoassay urine drug screens. The antidepressant medication  Zoloft (sertraline)  and prescription non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug Daypro (oxaprozin) can cause false-positive urine screens for benzodiazepines like Xanax.?? If you are taking Xanax by prescription and you have a drug screening or test, tell the testing laboratory so they can properly interpret your results. If youre being screened at work, you may want to let your employer know that youre taking Xanax ahead of time. Factors That Affect Detection Time Your age, weight, body fat, other medications, dose, length of time taking Xanax, hydration level, and metabolism all affect how long it takes for the drug to be eliminated from your system. The half-life of Xanax tend to be longer for older adults, people of Asians descent, people with obesity, and those with liver disease. Age Your age can play a factor in the half-life of Xanax. For example, the average half-life is roughly 11 hours in young, healthy adults compared to a little over 16 hours in healthy, senior adults.   Weight When you’re overweight, it’s more difficult for your body to break down Xanax, which can increase the half-life of the drug.   Ethnicity Studies show that people of Asian descent take longer than Caucasians to excrete the drug from the bodyâ€"the half-life of Xanax is approximately 15% to 25% higher in Asian people. Metabolism People with a higher metabolism, for example, those who are physically active, tend to be able to excrete Xanax faster. Hydration, age, and other health conditions may also play a role in a persons metabolic rate.   Alcohol Misuse Alcohol and Xanax is a dangerous duo that can lead to a fatal overdose. Alcohol can increase the effects of Xanax as well as the time it takes for the drug to leave your system. Whats more, people with chronic liver disease due to years of alcohol use have a harder time breaking down the drug in their bodies, resulting in a half-life of nearly 20 hours versus 11.2 in healthy adults. Smoking Cigarettes The concentration of Xanax in the blood is up to 50% less in smokers than non-smokers. Symptoms of Overdose Because Xanax can create feelings of relaxation, calm, and well-being, and because it doesnt take long before your body builds a tolerance to the dose youre taking, it has the potential to be habit-forming. Your doctor will likely start you on the lowest dose possible to see if its effective and aim to keep you on the lowest effective dose. Take your prescription on the schedule and dosage your doctor prescribed. Do not cut or crush extended-relief pills as this gives you a larger dose all at once and may cause an overdose. Symptoms of Xanax overdose can include: DrowsinessShallow respirationClammy skinDilated pupilsWeak and rapid pulseConfusionComa If you suspect that someone has taken an overdose of Xanax, call 911 or the Poison Control Center at 1-800-222-1222. Medication Interactions Interactions with other medications can lead to serious, life-threatening breathing problems, sedation, and coma while you are taking Xanax. Discuss with your doctor all prescription and over-the-counter medications youre taking, plan to take, or plan to discontinue. Some medications of special concern are opiate medications such as codeine, hydrocodone, fentanyl, hydromorphone, meperidine, methadone, morphine, oxycodone, and tramadol. Getting Help You may experience withdrawal symptoms if you suddenly stop taking Xanax. Dont stop or decrease your dose on your own as this can be dangerous, and can increase the risk of seizure. Talk to your doctor, who will prescribe an appropriate tapering schedule that will minimize or eliminate any potential physical or psychological symptoms of Xanax withdrawal. Many people who are prescribed Xanax worry about becoming addicted to the drug. While Xanax is safe for most people when taken as advised, people with a history of alcohol or drug use disorders may be at greater risk. If you or someone you love is misusing Xanax, its important to get help. Talk to your primary care provider or a mental health professional about treatment options. Benzodiazepine Addiction and Dependence

Cultural Competence And Health Care - 996 Words

Cultural competence in health care describes the ability to provide care to patients with diverse values, beliefs and behaviors, including tailoring health care delivery to meet patients’ social, cultural and linguistic needs. The need for healthcare systems to increase cultural competence and personalize care for ethnic patient minorities should not be ignored. Healthcare systems should promote better understanding and communication between diverse ethnic patients and caregivers. Hospitals should design a system that caters to the needs of all the populations they serve and not just apply a one-size-fits-all approach. Becoming a culturally competent health care organization is a critical component in reducing health care disparities. The National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health and Health Care (the National CLAS Standards) is intended help eliminate health care disparities by providing an outline for health care organizations to implement culturally and linguistically appropriate services. Adoption of these Standards will help advance better health and health care in the United States. (Think Cultural Health) After observing Wright Patterson Medical Center in Fairborn, OH, one can be confident to say that this healthcare organization supports culture and is continuing to improve its cultural competence. 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Culture affects among other factors, how children are raised, how families communicate, what is considered normal or abnormal, ways of coping with issues, the way we dress, when and where we seek medical treatment, and so forth. I should know because I come from a very cultural home where it is considered bad to talk to a male doctor about anything gynecological. Cultural Competence is important for many reasons. First, it can help

The Indisputable Truth About Rhetorical Analysis Essay Example Topics That Nobody Is Sharing With You

The Indisputable Truth About Rhetorical Analysis Essay Example Topics That Nobody Is Sharing With You Rhetorical Analysis Essay Example Topics and Rhetorical Analysis Essay Example Topics - The Perfect Combination Start out with a thoroughly reading the prompt to understand what sort of analysis is necessary. A rhetorical analysis incorporates similar practices. Writing a case of rhetorical analysis isn't your worst nightmare any longer! All of the above mentioned rhetorical analysis examples utilize a typical way of analysis called the SOAPSTone Method. The success of writing a suitable rhetorical essay lies in picking a fantastic topic. It's hard to decide on the rhetorical techniques the writer employed in the material you chose, or are requested to analyze. Understand the aim of the text for you to vividly picture what is expected in the essay, it is essential that you first get to understand the mind of the author. Introduce the article which you intend to analyze in your essay. What You Need to Do About Rhetorical Analysis Essay Example Topics Starting in the Next 7 Minutes When you compose the rhetorical analysis essay, try to remember that its primary purpose is to explain the effect of every system that was used by the author. As an instance, if you're studying economics or finance, you might want to learn more about taxes. Including statistical data and research findings is a helpful tool also. The conclusion is the previous portion of the rhetorical analysis essay in which you ought to supply an overview of the key points, make an upcoming forecast, assess the effect of the analyzed content on the community, and restate the thesis utilizing different words. Watch out for any probability of further studies on the topic In the ending of a rhetorical analysis essay, it's also wise to give readers a tiny info about any upcoming research to be done on the topic of analysis. In the event you may require help about how to compose a rhetorical analysis essay conclusion, simply speak to us. Rhetorical Analysis Essay Example Topics Fundamentals Explained It is possible to also talk about the paragraphs separately or divide the job into sections. In order to create your work simple to read, it's recommended that you discuss every strategy in a different paragraph. The principal outline for each essay is t he introduction, the body, and the conclusion, but you need to comprehend how you'll create content for the various parts. To make any kind of writing easier, it's better to adhere to a set structure or outline. It's also wise to focus on grammar, punctuation and all kinds of mistakes. Any illustration of rhetorical analysis consists of strong arguments made from powerful descriptive adverbs and adjectives. The poem starts with a very long sentence of clauses which are tactically arranged. Moreover, such approach permits the reader to develop into part of the story. Moreover, it invites the audience to consider the discussion about the use of democracy and their values. The Unseen primary character appears to be tormented. In case the topic you would like to discuss is familiar to you, you'll have a head start. At times, the best method to understand how to compose a great argument is to begin by analyzing different arguments. For example, a rhetorical analysis essay as signment will ask you to explain the several tools of rhetoric employed by the author in an effort to alter the minds of his audience. No really, it is a fantastic idea. It's also feasible to bring a recommendation on how best to make a more powerful argument on a paper's topic. Rhetorical Analysis Essay Example Topics Options Writing rhetorical essays isn't quite different from different kinds of essays or academic papers. If you like Shakespeare, perhaps you want to write about a renowned monologue. Rhetoric may also be implemented through the usage of carefully selected words. A History of Rhetorical Analysis Essay Example Topics Refuted It can be hard to work out what is going to make a great topic for a rhetorical analysis essay. Well, a rhetorical analysis essay is quite much like that with a tiny exception, needless to say. It is sometimes a very tough task for students to grasp. Writing a rhetorical analysis essay for the very first time will probably seem to be an impossible undertaking. Body It's the most significant portion of the essay. Based on this issue, each essay will be different depending on the depth of the thesis. For a number of them, a rhetorical analysis essay has become the most confusing portion of the assignment. A superior rhetorical analysis essay ought to be formatted like a simple essay with an introduction, the human body and the conclusion. If you select a speech or a sermon given by a prominent leader (there are a good deal of such speeches, and they're simple to be found) you can conserve a good deal of time and make sure your analysis will cause the desired effect. Using Ethos in both Obama and Romney's campaigns are evident because of their ethical appeals directed at convincing voters using their personal characters. Many people don't wish to get left out in a conversation you've brought them into. Very good examples involve public speeches by several authorities. Each individual paragraph should co ncentrate on a specific part of the thesis. The conclusion plays a crucial role in the feeling it ties up the full essay. The primary aim of the body paragraphs is to fully demonstrate the thesis statement. Highlight your primary suggestions for the analysis The conclusion should also offer a quick summary or short explanation of the principal points that you've discussed in the essay. If it is possible to analyze any book for your rhetorical assignment, choose the work you recognize well. Your work is going to be to demonstrate the method by which they understand the rhetorical procedure. Sometimes utilizing a hook statement can be effective, but it's not required. Therefore, you ought not simply jump in the writing process. Rhetorical strategy means anything that is achieved by means of a writer that has potential to alter the feelings or thoughts of his target audience. The introduction is utilized to familiarize the reader by means of your topic and the most important idea. An author is attempting to evoke a sense of depression into the reader's mind.

Night Creature Blue Moon Chapter 30 Free Essays

His mouth hot against my chilled skin, my legs hung into the water. My back was cushioned by mossy green grass. His shoulders parted my thighs as the sun sparked diamonds against my closed eyelids. We will write a custom essay sample on Night Creature: Blue Moon Chapter 30 or any similar topic only for you Order Now For an instant, reason shouted that we were outside, naked, anyone could see. I tensed and he kissed me, but not on my mouth. â€Å"Trust me,† he whispered, and his breath brushed the damp curls between my legs. Trust him? Was he nuts? His tongue flicked over me. Okay, what the hell? My fingers clenched, pulling out handfuls of grass as my head thrashed in the moss. How did he make his tongue so stiff, so acrobatic, so clever? From his earlier kisses, touches, the few seconds of intercourse, I was swollen and needy. He tormented me with his mouth, then soothed me with his hand. I heard myself breathing and begging. At the same time full and empty, I was on the verge and yet so far away. â€Å"Hush,† he whispered. â€Å"I’ll make everything all right.† His fingers filled me; his mouth locked onto me and with his tongue he gave me what I needed. A splash woke me from a doze. A shadow blotted out the sun. I opened my eyes; his face hovered inches from mine. The uncertainty I saw there made my heart flutter, so I lifted a hand and touched his cheek. He was still hard against my hip so I turned, rubbing along the smooth length of him. I shifted my hand from his cheek a few feet lower. â€Å"Let me make everything all right for you, too.† He was on the edge, just as I had been. A few sharp pumps, a flick of my tongue over the tip, one deep draw into my mouth, and he shoved me away. I admit I fought him. For the first time in my life, I wanted to go down on a guy and stay there. But it was pretty erotic to watch as he took himself in his own hand and finished what I’d started. When he opened his eyes, our gazes met. â€Å"Wow,† I said. He smiled. â€Å"Yeah. Wow.† Getting to his feet in a lithe, supple movement, he jumped into the pond, ducked under the surface, then came up and shook his head, spraying me with water like a dog. I laughed and he swam over to the edge. We couldn’t seem to stop staring at each other. â€Å"WHat?† he asked. I shrugged and dropped my eyes. I didn’t want to say what I was thinking. â€Å"Hey, I thought you trusted me.† Did I? I wasn’t sure. I wanted him. Badly. But trust? That was so much harder to give than my body. He touched my ankle. â€Å"Jessie?† I met his gaze. â€Å"I was just thinking that I wished we had a condom.† His fingers tightened on my ankle, like a hug almost. He lifted himself out of the pond. I got distracted by the bulging muscles in his arms and the way the water streamed down the length of his body. He sat next to me on the bank and kissed me – soft, slow, and sweet. â€Å"Me, too,† he whispered. Our mouths met, hard this time, a deep, searching, sexy kiss that sent my body spiraling into arousal once more. Whenever I was around him I had absolutely no control. He broke away, breathing heavily, then tugged my hair. â€Å"We could always take a little chance.† â€Å"Or not.† He laughed. â€Å"That’s what I love about you, Jessie. You keep me in line.† Love? That had to be a figure of speech. Had to be. So I let it pass. â€Å"I’ve got to get back,† I said. â€Å"You could come to my place.† The uncertainty returned – to his face, his voice. â€Å"I need to sleep.† â€Å"So sleep. In my bed. With me.† God, it was tempting. But I was afraid if I went to Cadotte’s bed, I’d do everything but sleep. And as appealing as that was, I had to work tonight. The nonstop cop schedule was starting to wear on me. â€Å"I can’t.† His eyes shifted away as he sighed. â€Å"What’s the matter?† I asked. â€Å"Is it all about sex between us?† I wasn’t sure what to say. I’d thought we were fucking each other because we couldn’t seem to stop. In fact, I distinctly recalled him agreeing to just that. When had things changed? I probably should have set him straight. Less hassle later that way. But the dejected set of his shoulders touched me. Though I should have stayed where I was, I couldn’t keep myself from going to him. The muscles in his back bunched and rippled beneath my hands. I smoothed my fingers over his skin in a gesture I hoped would soothe. I was no good at soothing. But I’d give it a shot. â€Å"I’m not sure what this is,† I admitted. â€Å"Do we have to decide right now?† â€Å"I wish you would.† I didn’t like being pushed. But Cadotte had issues. Didn’t we all? However, since I’d never been an Ojibwe man in a white, white world, I decided to cut him some slack. â€Å"You’re smart,† I said as he turned to face me. My hands fell away from his shoulders to hang loose and empty at my sides. â€Å"Funny, too, when you aren’t being a pain in the ass. You aren’t half-bad in bed. Even better without the bed.† â€Å"Well, gee, Jessie, I’m all warm and fuzzy.† I tilted my head. He was angry, but I couldn’t figure out why. What guy didn’t like being called good in bed? â€Å"Why are you mad at me? I think you’re okay. For a glasses-wearing geek.† He didn’t even smile. â€Å"Are you embarrassed to be seen with me?† I sighed. He wasn’t going to let me tease my way out of this. â€Å"You want the truth?† â€Å"Dazzle me.† I couldn’t believe we were having an argument sitting naked under a noonday sky. But there were a lot of things I’d done with Cadotte that I couldn’t quite believe. â€Å"Yes, I’m embarrassed to be seen with you.† He blinked and his face paled against the inky darkness of his hair. He looked like I’d slapped him. Hell, I felt like I had. I grabbed his hand. He tried to pull away, but I wouldn’t let him go. â€Å"I’m embarrassed, Will, because I know what people will think.† He sighed. â€Å"Here we go.† â€Å"Where?† â€Å"People will think less of you because you’re with me. It doesn’t matter what I’ve done. Who I am. What we have together. All that matters is who my parents are.† â€Å"Huh?† â€Å"Jessie, I’ve been dumped a hundred times and it isn’t because I can’t dance. It’s because I’m Indian.† Now I was mad. â€Å"Women can’t see that the first time they see you? Your heritage comes as a surprise to them later? You date a lot of morons, do you?† â€Å"Maybe they just can’t take the stares, the whispers, the pressure.† â€Å"Do I seem like I can’t take the pressure?† His lips twitched. â€Å"No.† â€Å"Thank you.† His amusement died as quickly as it had sprung to life. â€Å"Then why are you embarrassed to be seen with me?† I didn’t want to tell him, but I had promised the truth. Still I hesitated long enough for him to squeeze my hand. â€Å"Jessie?† â€Å"Because everyone will wonder what you’re doing with me,† I blurted. â€Å"You’re hot, Cadotte. I’m not. For a guy like you to be with a woman like me†¦ † I shrugged. â€Å"I must give great head. I must fuck like a rabbit. I must – â€Å" He put his hand over my mouth. â€Å"Shh,† he whispered. â€Å"You do. So what?† Silence fell over us both. We stared at each other as what we’d said hung between us. Then I laughed, and he laughed with me. It felt good. I went into his arms and just held him while he held me. I couldn’t remember the last time I’d hugged a guy for more than a minute. I’d never missed it, either. But I would now. Cadotte gave very good hug. â€Å"Come back to my place,† he murmured. â€Å"Sleep with me. Stay with me.† He kissed my brow and I snuggled closer, held on tighter. I’d never felt like this. Too bad I wasn’t sure what this was. I liked him a lot. I wanted to be with him too much. I wanted to say yes, to anything, everything. Where William Cadotte was concerned I had no control. And it scared me. Nevertheless, I went home with him. It was the best damn day I ever had. Which worked out well, since everything went to hell soon after. How to cite Night Creature: Blue Moon Chapter 30, Essay examples

Jamie Oliver Essay Essay Example

Jamie Oliver Essay Essay Jamie Oliver is a chef who has made a number of television programmes for Channel 4; in most of these programmes he is cooking and instructing the audience, although he is sometimes part of documentaries about food, for example in schools. His style of speech is very different to many of his contemporaries: he uses his distinctive style to present himself as a down to earth, friendly TV chef. Oliver is the only person talking in this transcript because he is cooking and explaining his actions for the TV show. The fact that he is cooking while talking means that there are numerous pauses in the transcript, for example ayou wanna coat the bottom (3) of the pana. The three second pause indicates that he is demonstrating this action on the programme; it is important in his role as a TV chef that he doesnat just sit and talk through a recipe because viewers want to see the recipes being made and they also want to be entertained and kept interested by Oliver moving around in the kitchen. Other pauses suggest that, although this programme is probably scripted to some degree, Oliver is not reading from an autocue but retains an element of spontaneity to his speech. The pauses at the start of the transcript, aI got a pan (. ) er the right size pan about (. ) sort of seven inchesa, are indicators of this spontaneity, as is the non-fluent aera. Although sometimes a sign of nervousness, in this case I think the pauses help Oliver to appear normal, like his viewers, so they are more likely to attempt his recipes and, of course, buy his books. Jamie Oliveras Esturary accent and his accompanying use of London slang are also distinctive features of his talk. Words such as achivvya and asquigglea are colloquial and are not words we expect to hear on a cooking programme. We will write a custom essay sample on Jamie Oliver Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Jamie Oliver Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Jamie Oliver Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We are used to words from the cooking semantic field such as awhiska, abakea, astira but Oliveras language use again makes him seem very normal, approachable and relaxed. As well as specifically accented words such as the dropping of the aha in aorriblea, Oliveras elisions agonnaa, awannaa and akindaa demonstrate his relaxed tone. As well as using these to build a successful TV persona, Oliver could be using this informal language because he is concentrating more on the actual cooking and explaining the key details of the recipe

Free Essays on Bystander Apahy

Bystander Apathy By: Kee As you wait to cross the street, a blind man is standing in front of you. Without warning, he begins to cross the street even though the light has not changed in his favor. He seems to be in no danger until you see a car about a half mile away speeding towards him. Totally unaware of the situation, the man continues walking across the street. As you and many others watch in horror he is struck by the car. Although every single one of you had plenty of time to rescue him, you just watched, hoping that someone else would do it. After all, you don't know him so it's really none of your business. This is what is referred to as "bystander apathy". People close enough to see, hear and possibly touch one another are socially distant and totally indifferent to the fact that another human being may be dying, in immediate danger, or asking for help. This extremely sad urban problem is just that- a problem of cities. The likelihood of this occurring increases with the number of people present a nd it is probable that there will be many people to witness an event when it happens in high density cities. Urban sociologists, social psychologists, and criminologists have argued for years that the size of cities is directly related to the amount of "social pathology" they contain. The legal consequences are not severe. Unless an individual is a certified medical doctor, they have no obligation in Alberta to help anyone in need. So generally, they don't. The personal consequences may be more severe. Feelings of guilt and regret may follow an event, especially if it ends fatally or if the individual feels that they could have done something significant. Because of this, people attempt to convince themselves and others that they were justified in their inaction because "it wasn't their place", "I didn't want to do it alone", or "I didn't want to get involved." Excuses like this often stem from fears of being seen as abnormal... Free Essays on Bystander Apahy Free Essays on Bystander Apahy Bystander Apathy By: Kee As you wait to cross the street, a blind man is standing in front of you. Without warning, he begins to cross the street even though the light has not changed in his favor. He seems to be in no danger until you see a car about a half mile away speeding towards him. Totally unaware of the situation, the man continues walking across the street. As you and many others watch in horror he is struck by the car. Although every single one of you had plenty of time to rescue him, you just watched, hoping that someone else would do it. After all, you don't know him so it's really none of your business. This is what is referred to as "bystander apathy". People close enough to see, hear and possibly touch one another are socially distant and totally indifferent to the fact that another human being may be dying, in immediate danger, or asking for help. This extremely sad urban problem is just that- a problem of cities. The likelihood of this occurring increases with the number of people present a nd it is probable that there will be many people to witness an event when it happens in high density cities. Urban sociologists, social psychologists, and criminologists have argued for years that the size of cities is directly related to the amount of "social pathology" they contain. The legal consequences are not severe. Unless an individual is a certified medical doctor, they have no obligation in Alberta to help anyone in need. So generally, they don't. The personal consequences may be more severe. Feelings of guilt and regret may follow an event, especially if it ends fatally or if the individual feels that they could have done something significant. Because of this, people attempt to convince themselves and others that they were justified in their inaction because "it wasn't their place", "I didn't want to do it alone", or "I didn't want to get involved." Excuses like this often stem from fears of being seen as abnormal...

The Eponymy Family

The Eponymy Family The Eponymy Family The Eponymy Family By Maeve Maddox The suffix -nym means name. The word eponym comes from Greek eponymos, â€Å"given as a name; bestowing a name on something.† eponym: noun. The person for whom a country or location is named. For example, Romulus is the legendary eponym of Rome. Simà ³n Bolivar is the known eponym of Bolivia. eponym: noun. A proper name used generically; more loosely, the generic name itself, or any noun phrase of specific meaning which includes a proper name. For example, Marxism: a theory and practice of socialism developed by or associated with Karl Marx; ohm: a unit of electrical resistance. eponymism: noun. the practice of accounting for names of places or peoples by referring them to supposed prehistoric eponyms. In the Middle Ages, writers claimed Brutus of Troy as the eponym of Britain and the British people. eponomy: noun. another word for eponymism. eponymize: v. (trans.) to serve as eponym to. For example, the name Benedict Arnold has become an eponym for traitor. eponymous: adjective. referring to an eponym. For example, Jane Eyre is the eponymous heroine of the novel by Charlotte Bronte. Another word used for eponymous is eponymic. Many eponyms derive from Greek or Roman religious belief and practice. For example, the first six months of the year: January: Named for Janus, the Roman god of gates and doorways, depicted with two faces looking in opposite directions February: Named for Februa, Roman festival of purification held in that month. March: Named for Mars, Roman god of war. April: The name came from an Etruscan word associated with Aphrodite, Greek goddess of love and beauty. May: Named for Maia, the great one,† Italic goddess of spring and daughter of Faunus. June: Named for Juno, principal Roman goddess and patroness of women and marriage. Her month is still popular with brides. Many plant names derive from the names of the people who introduced them to their own cultures. The poinsettia is named for Joel Roberts Poinsett (1779-1851), U.S. ambassador to Mexico. German botanist Johann G. Zinn gave his name to the zinnia. Both the begonia and the bougainvillea received their names from Frenchmen: Michel Bà ©gon (1638–1710), and Louis Antoine de Bougainville (1729–1811). A plant derivative, nicotine, takes its name from another Frenchman: Jean Nicot de Villemain (1530-1600). A great many discoveries and practical inventions have been named for people who had little to do with them. There’s even a law for that: Stigler’s Law of Eponymy. University of Chicago statistics professor Stephen Stigler postulated the law in an article published in 1980. The law states, â€Å"No scientific discovery is named after its original discoverer.† Here are some examples of the truth of Stigler’s law: America: named for Americo Vespucci, but discovered by others. Arabic numerals: invented in India. Fibonacci numbers: existed in Indian mathematics a thousand years earlier than Fibonacci. Gresham’s law: described by Nicolaus Copernicus the year Gresham was born. Halley’s comet: observed by astronomers in ancient times. Higgs boson: named for Peter Higgs, but first theorized by Robert Brout and Francois Englert. Stigler’s Law of Eponymy: derives from sociologist Robert K. Merton’s postulation of the Matthew effect (another eponym). Merton studied the reward system in science and concluded that famous scientists receive disproportionate credit for their contributions. Conversely, lesser known scientists receive less credit than they deserve. Merton called this the Matthew effect. He took the name from the gospel of Matthew: For unto every one that hath shall be given, and he shall have abundance: but from him that hath not shall be taken even that which he hath.25:29, KJV. In modern, noneponymous terms, â€Å"the squeaking wheel gets the oil.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:The Yiddish Handbook: 40 Words You Should Know40 Fish IdiomsAdverbs and Hyphens